Biotechnology for Zero Waste – Emerging Waste Management Techniques (Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain (editor) etc.)

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Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles Using Agriculture and

Horticulture Waste

Vinayaka B. Shet¹, Keshava Joshi², Lokeshwari Navalgund², and Ujwal Puttur¹

1Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology (Visvesvaraya Technological

University, Belagavi), SH1, Karkala, Nitte 574110, Karnataka, India

2Department of Chemical Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology (Visvesvaraya

Technological University, Belagavi), Dharwad, 580 002, Karnataka, India

24.1

Introduction

Nanotechnology plays an important role and includes materials, technologies, and

processes that are adopted to enhance the rate of production and create products

that are in demand for everyday use. The study of nanotechnology comprises mate-

rial that is extremely small in size ranging between 1 and 100 nm. Emerging and

unique properties of nanomaterial such as optical, magnetic, and electrical have

the probable prospects of impacts in the area of medicine, electronics, and other

fields of applications [1]. Most of the synthesized nanomaterials exhibit different

properties and effects when compared to the similar material in a macroscale, as

they have high surface-area-to-volume ratio. The development of nanoscience will

change and develop next-generation materials that are durable, lighter, and stronger

than the materials used today in different fields of applications. Physical, chemical,

and mechanical methods are widely used for the synthesis of nanoparticles; how-

ever, the process is not economic and adheres the use of toxic chemicals. Thus, there

is a need for an eco-friendly and cost-effective biological route for the synthesis of

nanoparticles to overcome any toxicity towards human health and the environment

as well. Hence, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is gaining importance in the current

nanoscience research. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles refers to use of living systems

such as microorganism and plant material for the synthesis of nanoparticles through

reduction mechanisms. One such option is to channelize underutilized agricultural

and horticultural wastes into biosynthesis of nanoparticles, as it is observed that rel-

atively few research articles are surveyed and evaluated.

The magnitude of organic waste generated worldwide by agricultural and hor-

ticultural activity is exceptionally large and offers potential renewable sources of

bioactive compounds and biomolecules. The availability of resources has created a

unique opportunity to develop new methods of waste management and recycling

strategies.

Biotechnology for Zero Waste: Emerging Waste Management Techniques, First Edition.

Edited by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and Ravi Kumar Kadeppagari.